Continuing familiarity with the features of warehouses for the storage of hazardous substances, it is important to remember that the General requirements for classification of warehouses for the storage of "normal" loads in relation to structural features, technical equipment, location, composition, organization of the warehouse process remain valid and ADR-warehouses. That along with the classification which uses the principle of conformity of the hazard class of substances which are to be storage in the warehouse remains and classification that were cited in the previous article.
We will remind, the mentioned classification includes the following classes: A+, A, B+, b, C, D.
Consider General requirements for warehouses of dangerous goods:
- location at a safe distance from residential development;
- the construction of a new warehouse should be preceded by public hearings of the citizens living in the zone of influence of a warehouse facility;
- the location is not closer than 100 m from buildings of fire-resistant material, and no closer than 300 metres ognennyh buildings;
- the entrances to the warehouse shall be paved and permanently maintained in good condition;
- fire breaks between the buildings of the warehouse complex should be from 24 to 50m;
- the storage building should be single storey and of a design made of fireproof materials;
- to prevent rollover of fire, premises warehouses are divided into compartments and sections, each of which must have a separate output;
- walls and partitions between the rooms must be dust-tight, doors – fire resistant and such that are opened toward the less dangerous zone;
- Windows should be sealed, darkened, schemename metal structures from the inside and is securely fastened to the walls;
- floors should have a constructive opportunity to slip away with water;
- it is forbidden to use furnace heating, steam heating boilers should be placed outside the buildings of the warehouse;
- electrical equipment warehouse is located outside of a warehouse building;
- lighting in premises and equipment is located outside – should have at dibujosanimados according to the probable presence of explosive gas mixtures in the premises and on the territory of the warehouse;
- fire protection system shall conform to the requirements of normative-technical documentation in accordance with risk substances and materials stored, type of process equipment and regulations of production schedules;
- storage rooms should be provided with alarms and reports of a fire at its initial stage;
- ensuring the warehouse by means of collective and individual protection, which ensure the safety of employees during the entire duration of the threat factors;
- ventilation the warehouse should be exclusively mechanical;
- fenced and lighted area of the warehouse complex;
- security and surveillance for all areas of a warehouse complex 24/7;
- the ability to localize contamination and runoff pollution;
- the possibility of disposing of the water after routine cleaning and flushing of contaminants;
- reliable equipment telephone communications;
- the existence of the relevant allowing documents on activity of the warehouse complex and operation of technical means;
- employees must have appropriate qualifications and skills to work with dangerous goods, and know how to act in case of an accident, to avoid harm to people and the environment.
Each of the types of dangerous goods has its own characteristics. But a detailed analysis of the specific requirements for each class of ADR warehouse is not the subject of this article. It is worth to note that in the settlements and near, prohibited the construction of facilities for storage of radioactive materials.
Prevent possible dangers that are implemented in the design of the ADR-warehouses significantly increase the cost and duration of construction. Therefore, it is justified by the trend in recent years is onemann innovations in work organization and ADR-warehouses that optimize their work. Namely:
- the use of automatic docks and unloading platforms with adjustable floor level;
- the use of narrow-aisle technology, modern storage equipment and conveyor equipment;
- equipment mezzanine area for handling boxes and unit loads;
- construction on territory of a warehouse complex, office and residential use available for rent by participants of logistic chains.
- the use of the WMS system.
We should also note the benefits of using WMS systems. Skladska of logistics is management of all types of goods that are in stock are planned to be delivered and commissioned by the contractors. For rational control inventory streams for the modern ADR warehouse of A class that is relevant is the use of WMS (Warehouse Management System) systems.
A WMS system provides the ability to manage warehouse operations, logistics, topology, inventory, planning operations and other warehouse processes.
The WMS capabilities:
- management acceptance of the equipment, shipping and other basic warehouse operations;
- the calculation unit shipment and packing of goods based on their sizes and conditions of carriage;
- avtomatizovani of paperwork;
- modeling of flows within the warehouse and the enterprise;
- human resource management.
Typical tasks solved with the WMS system:
- operative informing about operations in the warehouse;
- the management structure of storage areas;
- automation and optimization of control procedures for the receipt, storage, and handling;
- automated stats, storing the data on the movement of goods and material values to accounting;
- automatic tracking of correctness of accounting data on the number and range of storage units;
- organization and management of personnel and warehouse with local programs and automated equipment.
Implementation of WMS system improves the productivity of the warehouse increases and accelerates the turnover of goods. The system optimizes the operation of storage areas, and expands the capacity of 5-25% by automated determination of the optimal strategy for cargo, modeling the location of loading units based on their size.
When assessing the effectiveness of the WMS system at the warehouse complex, you should consider how the functions of the implemented system is associated with the real technological processes of the warehouse and all logistics chains involving warehousing complex. That is, in the case of providing a logistics company 3pl services, the system must be integrated into all supply chain of the company. And of course, a large and extensive warehousing facilities need a more functional system for a small warehouse - enough solutions with minimal features.
To increase the efficiency of warehouses of A class are used mezzanines. Warehouse mezzanine multi-tiered metal shelf design, is divided into floors, floors in which a in the form of panels of chipboard, plywood, profiled sheet metal, grating or solid sheet metal with a notch. A mezzanine was introduced to maximize the height of the room owing to the increased height in this part of the building stock. Use of mezzanines in two basic types:
- multi-tiered racking system;
- mezzanines on the platform.
Meson structures are used to embed plots handling and order picking, light shelf constructions and the like.
The advantages of the warehouses when using the mezzanine:
- provided by the rational organization of the warehouse flows;
- increases the efficiency of use of space;
- perhaps sumshine racks of any type: pallet, cantilever, shelving;
- the process of cargo handling can be performed simultaneously on several levels;
- provides quick access to any product at different levels of composition;
- fully collapsible design that allows it to change and move depending on production needs.
This article does not exhaust the publications devoted to the warehouses for storage of dangerous goods, so stay tuned for geoportal and social media posts on the company "UVECON".